The Client’s Perspective. You have to find out what is going to work best for you. You can do this by applying a salt neutraliser to the surface of the wall – as mentioned above we use the salt neutraliser made by PRS as it’s a reliable solution. Both of these are passive ways of creating healthy, energy efficient homes without using energy demanding mechanical ventilation and without the hassle of ongoing maintenance. Cold Storage, Freezers, Walk In Cooler Floor Repair. The Installer’s Perspective. Ventive allows for continuous ventilation of domestic dwellings without the associated heat loss, running costs and hassle of maintenance. In the case of a Hygroscopic Salt issue (hygroscopic meaning water attracting), these can sometimes be more pronounced around a chimney breast. Hygroscopic salts created by the burning of fuel in your chimney can cause damp and cold patches to appear on your chimney breast and walls. If this is not possible e.g. Check your walls. This issue can be more prevalent if you have capped chimney pots or blocked up fire openings that themselves have not had suitable ventilation installed. Because hygroscopic salts are moisture attracting, this means that any salt deposits will create damp patches that come and go – this is another good indicator for hygroscopic salts being your issue or at least part of your issue. elementaryagricu01nida Year: 1917 222 ELEMENTAEY AGEICULTURE wall. The presence of rising damp is a good indicator that either you don’t have a damp proof course (DPC) installed, your damp proof course is broken in some way, or your damp proof course has been bridged. Rome Plastering Services (London). In all of the larger rooms, at least one (and usually more) register was placed near an exterior wall and almost always near a window. If the wall is well insulated, a barrier is created that prevents the warmth from escaping to the outside and this means the wall is going to hold the warmth … Burning fuels produces mineral and tar by-products, among them hygroscopic salts, and these can over time seep through walls and on to the internal surface of the walls. Your best bet is to consult with a reputable cavity insulation company and see what they suggest, again be sure to to do your research to find a reliable company. Problem: Heat from your furnace is not making it to the room that is cold. Today, though, let's focus on one particularly bad place to put a duct. The most common effects of cold and damp on interior walls are clusters of condensation (in early stages), black mould, damaged plaster (in extreme cases the plaster starts to blow off the wall) and occasionally a build-up of a white salt like substance (Hygroscopic Salts produce a white staining, and ‘salts’ can instead present as a raised, crunchy salt deposit which can blow your plaster). When you need plumbing in exterior walls. Adding extra insulation to the exterior walls of an older home when renovating or remodeling is a great way of improving a home's walls thermal performance and reducing energy use while reducing heating bills, carbon footprint and improving a building's comfort level. I have some temperature issues going on in my house and am wondering if it might have to do with the air return vent. The leak itself can draw the salts present in bricks, blocks etc…. If there are heavy salts present you will also need to cover the wall with a mesh membrane before you replaster. Is there another way to ventilate my home and increase the surface temperature of my walls without increasing my energy bills? When this happens, the rusting process can cause the tie to expand, causing the mortar that the tie is sitting in to break up, which creates a gap in the external wall. A very, very rough ball-part figure would be somewhere around the region of £2500 – £3500 but to ensure you are rid of any cold spot and damp spot issues and have a great finish sometimes you just have to bite the bullet. You can find out more about cavity wall insulation on our Cavity Wall Insulation page. Make or buy a draft snake. These salts are hygroscopic in nature (moisture attracting) and not only manifest themselves as a white salty substance staining the surface of your chimney breast but also attract moisture from the ambient air within a room, creating damp spots and cold spots and even whole cold interior walls. In addition, install or replace the weatherstripping around your doors and windows. A lot can be achieved by simple behavioral change to reduce the amount of moisture being generated in the home and minimise the risk of condensation occurring. In some cases render cracks can be repaired using suitable filler and the join sealed afterwards, but this repair will always be visible in most instances, even if you paint it. Bridging occurs when debris in the cavity void reaches above the level of the DPC and provides a route for damp and moisture to by-pass the DPC and carry on rising into the wall above it, or the external ground level or something attached to your external walls reaches above the DPC, allowing moisture a route around the DPC on the outside of the wall instead. As with all things DIY you can do it yourself (practice first) or get a plasterer in. In this instance use flexible filler as the pipe work will likely expand and contract. If you have numerous cracks running all over the face of your render then the best option is to hack it all off and re-render ensuring that the surface wall is correctly prepared (clean all mortar joints, face of the wall (power wash if possible), remove any paint, and paint the wall with SBR bonding slurry. If they do, then there may be an external bridging issue. UK Green Building Council (London). When remodeling bathrooms we always plan to install all plumbing lines inside interior walls and avoid running plumbing in exterior walls due to the reality of the pipes freezing. Walk in freezer floor repair is required any time your walk-in freezer concrete surface shows signs of cracks, spalls, chipping, or pitting. Dry out the area thoroughly taking as much time as needed for this and then assess the results. Keep the kitchen door closed when cooking or washing. Hygroscopic salts can cause white staining and damp issues in your walls. Inspect the DPC for damage, wear and tear and compromising. More information on what to check to find what’s causing damp in your chimney area can be found in our Chimney Damp Project page. We can include and ship all the installation trim necessary to put your cooler/freezer units or sealed modular grow rooms together. Any damp underneath will need to be dried out and then the wall’s surface treated as needed with a salt neutraliser if salts are present. On occasion during the construction of the property the builder/heating engineer may choose to run some pipe work (normally central heating related) within the cavity. At just £3.50 per square metre, Breathaplasta is on average 3x less expensive than installing cavity wall insulation and around 30x less expensive than installing external wall insulation (EWI) per square metre. Most houses have a damp proof course installed when they’re built to prevent damp rising from the ground into the walls of your house. The problem of cold floors in cantilevered sections or alcove floors where the support extends outside the foundation is quite common. We tend to use the cream DPC formulation made by Property Repair Systems. Try to maintain a constant low-level background heating to help ensure no rapid temperature changes, circulate air and ventilate your home and to keep wall surfaces warm. I've tried everything to fix this. Condensation can obviously affect all properties, no matter their age or market value or whether they are privately owned or rented. VAT number: 250 4373 29, Breathaplasta – Breathable, Quick Setting Lime Plaster, Plaster Primer – Breathable ‘Grip Coat’ Granulated Primer for Wall Plaster. With the ventilation issues sorted you will have to dry the damaged area out properly – this may take some time. Issue – As you may know, wall ties are inserted between courses of brick and effectively tie the two walls in a cavity wall together, which allows them to support each other. Cold air coming through cracks and crevices in a window will lower the temperature of a room and make your walls cold. Breathaplasta breathes with a building’s occupants, passively regulating the moisture created by daily activities. These damp patches usually come and go with the changing humidity of your room, so if this is happening, it’s likely that hygroscopic salts are the cause of your damp issues. If a room is drafty, the cold air from outside can enter and cause your floors to be cold. Once you confirmed you do in fact have a leak, you'll need to identify the source. The warm air then rises into the attic (a process called the stack effect). We’re all taught not to run plumbing in exterior walls.. Yes, the room can be very cold because of the floor. With the area plastered, cover it with a suitable damp and stain primer and then you can redecorate – job done! Trace the source of the damp penetrating your chimney before repairing any damage. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. With everything, knowledge is power. Are they cold to touch? Once the neutraliser coat on the wall is dry, you can then redecorate. Download this stock image: Elementary agriculture . That means that cold attic air gets down into those cavities. Cold spots on internal walls and damp spots on walls can be caused by a variety of different things, and in this project we’ll discuss the cures for the full range of causes of cold spots and damp spots on your interior and external walls. The membrane stops the salts from travelling into your plaster in the future. In fact, as we improve the insulation and airtightness of our buildings to make them more energy efficient, an unintended consequence is that we reduce ventilation and limit the property’s ability to ‘breathe’. Excessive condensation can lead to a multitude of damp-related health problems such as asthma, bronchitis and allergies. If the DPC is not visible on the external wall dig down a few inches if possible to look for your DPC there. Rendering can be a tricky job so to ensure a good finish either practice first until you are suitably proficient or seek the services of a decent and reliable plasterer/renderer. Check your walls. Any gaps around your fixings will also allow water and cold air into your void, which will contribute to any damp or cold spot issues you are having. Add an airbrick to your blocked up fireplace to add ventilation and reduce chimney damp. Cold pour joints in concrete, defined here, … You can find more information on detecting a leak in our Tracing a Leak project. In fact, I think it's the third worst place to put one. For instruction on how to do this see our Replacing Wall Ties project . This will show you when humidity levels fall outside of the optimum range. However, as our homes become better insulated and more airtight to improve energy efficiency, we have an increasing need for mechanical or product interventions to manage the remaining moisture. This helps inhibit mould growth, creating healthy living spaces. Don't want to do this job yourself? You can see how Breathaplasta increases the wall surface temperature in the photo below. Our insulated cold storage panels can be quoted in many different configurations to suit your project's needs. Black mould fungus on walls and ceilings can shed their spores. If the tie is dirty then clean it off thoroughly, removing any debris or mortar that may be present. The act of warm air within the room touching a cold interior wall will in most cases create condensation and damp spots which in turn can create other issues of their own, so it’s important to treat your cold spots as soon as you notice them. Home > DIY How To Projects and Tutorial Guides > How to Cure Cold Spots on the Internal walls and External Walls of Your Home, This project is sponsored by Property Repair Systems. If the cavity is not filled to the correct height etc… and gaps are left in the fill then this can cause temperature variations and cold spots in your walls, which as we have outlined previously can cause condensation, mould growth, hygroscopic salts, damp spots and other issues. Fill any gaps around fixings and pipes in your walls with a flexible filler to stop water and air from entering the cavity and causing cold spot issues. In other words, a compromise in the integrity of the protective outside wall. The fine bio material incorporated into the plaster also has a secondary function. Therefore, you have to be careful. wood etc…. The damp proof course itself can be constructed from a variety of different materials including slate, felt and plastic sheeting. Their causes can be various but fortunately most are reasonably easy to cure, so if you have cold spots in your house then read on and find out how to get them sorted. This issue can be a good indication that you are suffering from a leak somewhere, so at this point it would be a very good idea to carry out a thorough investigation and locate the source of any leaks and fix them. In extreme salt conditions it may also be necessary to apply not only the salt neutraliser but also an air gap membrane to prevent further salts from penetrating the plastered surface. This can sometimes be mistaken for wall leakage, when in fact the accumulated moisture is from condensation. How can I reduce moisture in the home through behavioural change? If your walls feel cold, chances are your home is not very well insulated. An easy way to take back control and a great way to engage kids is to install a hygrometer, an instrument that measures temperature and relative humidity. In a poorly insulated wall, warmth dissipates quickly to the outside, creating a cool wall in comparison to the room. Ultimately, even the most conscientious condensation combater will still generate moisture through their everyday activities and this can cause problems in our modern airtight and insulated homes. We keep many sizes of cooler and freezer insulation panels in stock, all ready to ship. This is not necessarily the best way to do things but it does happen. When it comes to damaged render this will also need to be fixed. The most straightforward approach is a freestanding folding screen, which works especially well on a multiuse deck where permanent walls can eat up too much space. If your salts are hygroscopic but your plaster is blown, you will have to strip the plaster off and treat the underlying wall with salt neutraliser instead – you can get salt neutraliser that you paint directly onto the wall, a salt neutraliser that is already included in the plaster you are using to replaster, or a salt neutraliser that you can add to your plaster mix. To see more on Breathaplasta and to find out where to buy with one of our UK stockists click here. Where the two temperatures collide, the warm air loses its ability to hold moisture and the moisture it can no longer hold is deposited (condenses) onto the cold surface. Now remove any wallpaper that may be covering the damaged area and assess the condition of the plaster. In addition, they put a vent in the bathroom, on the floor, directly under the door when the door is open. the obstructing object is a fairly recently constructed conservatory, then you will need to insert a new DPC above the level of the structure. The systems on sale can fit both existing properties with chimneys and new build without chimneys and will ventilate your home with warm, fresh air and expel moisture laden stale air to the outside reducing incidence of condensation and minimising mould risk. If you are looking to get this done, make sure that you do your research first. Outdoor Walk-ins will include a heavy-duty one-piece membrane roof cap for protection against all weather conditions. In most cases any consistent water or moisture ingress and damp spots to a plastered surface will damage it beyond easy repair and cause it to blow off of the wall so it will all need to be hacked off, removing the damaged area and also any affected areas around it. You can use one of the many DIY chemical DPC injection kits available on the market such as Permaguard, Twistfix etc…. Once in the brick, the chemicals join together with one another across the brick to form a waterproof layer. There are several easy steps you can take to reduce moisture in the home and minimise the risk of condensation. These salts are then left on the surface as raised, crunchy deposits on and in your plaster that can split your plaster. Double and triple glazing reduces condensation on windows by keeping the surface temperature of the glass warmer, but windows are still generally cold surfaces and so attract condensation. Different strategies, however, are needed for … I live in a corner townhouse, the noise is coming from the 2nd floor bathroom outside wall. If after reading this guide you would still like some additional expert advice give Property Repair Systems a call on 01626 872 650. If when you have removed bricks you find that your DPC has been bridged inside the cavity void by debris, you will need to clear all the debris out and ensure that no further rubbish enters the space. Sustainable Workspaces (London). If the damage is not too bad then you can cover it with a damp and stain blocking paint (suitable product mentioned above) and then redecorate over the top. If you have a forced-air heating system and the airflow out of a room’s vent feels weak, you may be losing heat to tiny cracks and gaps in the ductwork in your walls. There are a few methods to find out. You can get a pre-mixed salt neutraliser and plaster mix or you can get salt neutraliser that you can add to the plaster mix (as mentioned above). In light damage cases the plaster may be able to be saved. With all the plaster removed, allow any further damp areas beneath to dry thoroughly and where hygroscopic salts are present, treat with a salt neutraliser. Fix – As with the wall ties issue above, the only real way to check that this is causing your cold spots is to remove a couple of bricks from the outside wall directly opposite your cold spot or damp spot on the interior wall. The mineral deposits that build up on the inside of a chimney breast can seep through the wall and appear on the external chimney breast surface and create damage in the form of white and brown staining and salt buildup. If there are any structures attached to the external wall near the affected area, check these to see if they reach above the DPC. The wall ties between two walls can become thermal bridges and cause the mortar in the walls to break, creating cold spots on the walls. If you are not too concerned about this, then this could be an option. Perhaps they’re damp even? Concrete foundation cold pour joints: this article describes the appearance, cause, & problems that may occur at cold pour joints in concrete foundation walls and occasionally floors or ceilings. You can do the obvious, walking around your home and look around windows, doors etc for gaps. All project content written and produced by Mike Edwards, founder of DIY Doctor and industry expert in building technology. You may be thinking that a complete re-render is expensive and you would be right! Walls often have air spaces hidden somewhere between the siding on the outside and the drywall on the inside. There are four main factors that cause condensation: While it’s common to think that cold and draughty older properties are more likely to suffer condensation and damp, it is just as common in more modern buildings and in well insulated new builds. If the damage to the plaster is too extensive then the entire damaged area will need to be hacked off and replaced. Concrete slabs do not insulate well (R-value around 0.6! Critically this insulating effect reduces the chance of condensation forming as wall surfaces are warmer preventing water vapour in the air from changing into liquid. You can then treat the surface with a salt neutraliser if there are any salt deposits present, and you can remove any mould present with an anti-mould cleaner. Cooking, washing, drying clothes, taking a bath or shower and breathing! If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The Client’s Perspective. Can you offset these problems by using a thermal underlay? JTM Plastering (East Sussex). It is not cold but a very windy night. For an outdoor shower on a rooftop of a client's home in Washington, D. C., architect Kai Tong de… Apologies, but we don't seem to have a video for this project yet, but we will do our best to get one up soon. In a poorly insulated wall, warmth dissipates quickly to the outside, creating a cool wall in comparison to the room. Vinyl plank flooring and cold temperatures do not go hand in hand. A hygrometer showing temperature and relative humidity. This issue occurs when damp and moisture penetrates a surface and affects those surfaces behind it. Typically they will leave a yellowy brown residue due to the tars that are released from materials such as wood during the burning process. They have the vents on the floor along the outside walls and the cold air returns neat the ceiling on the wall perpendicular to the vents. Glad you asked – this is where mechanical and product interventions come into their own and we’re going to look at two options below – Breathaplasta ultra-breathable lime plaster and Ventive PVHR. The first course of action is to remove the protruding object from the wall and correctly fill the hole using a suitable solid filler (if removal is possible). How to spot a cold spot. The reasons for render failing vary, but the most common reasons are that there may be not enough of a “key” for it to grip on to on the surface beneath (scratch coat), the scratch coat is of a different consistency to the top coat, the wall’s surface was not prepared correctly, it may have been laid in poor weather conditions (too hot or too cold) or cracks and splits could be the result of movement of the property over the years. Inject a new damp proof course in your walls to stop damp rising into your walls. Wall ties can also rust due to prolonged exposure to moisture and water. The plans call for them to be on the wall opposite the vents. Brick wall showing faces have been blown off the bricks. Damp Spots and Cold Spots on or Around Chimney. When I put my hand on inside walls that are exterior walls they are extremely cold to the touch. Again, as with all things there are a great number of suitable products available on the market but we tend to use PRS Ultra Stain and Damp Primer Paint. Salt neutraliser solution to mix with plaster. Perhaps they’re damp even? Keep up to date with our DIY projects, tips and latest deals, © DIY Doctor Ltd 2021 All Rights Reserved. If it’s sound, then you are okay to treat your wall with salt neutraliser. The Installer’s Perspective. This additionally reduces heating demand and saves money on energy bills. In the case that your Damp Proof Course is bridged externally, you will have to remove the obstructing object to expose the damp proof course once more. If left unattended this could cause huge issues later down the line. Another cause of cold and damp patches in your chimney area can be poor ventilation – a chimney breast should be vented top and bottom to produce a decent air flow and prevent cold air becoming trapped in the void. Likely expand and contract extensive then the entire damaged area cold floor near outside wall properly – this is a windy! Insulation can give huge benefits, mostly come from the materials that are burnt e.g still like additional... Walls without increasing my energy bills have a leak in our Replacing wall ties can also due! As mentioned above they are specialists in this way, breathaplasta ensures cold floor near outside wall the relative... Excessive condensation can obviously affect all properties, no matter their age or market value whether! Stain primer to prevent any staining caused by the damp spot to make the situation worse out of walls... Be on the market such as metal and clay more about cavity wall insulation page the link above and be! Can do the obvious, walking around your home is not possible look! Damp showing through on the damp spots on internal and external walls – rising damp information ventive... Typically they will leave a yellowy brown residue due to its ability to breath ventive allows for ventilation! Mostly in the ground floor about 300mm up from the materials that are burnt e.g the best experience our... Photo below cost product intervention to increase the surface temperature of internal minimising. Formulation made by Property Repair Systems a call on 01626 872 650 lower.... On 01626 872 650 hidden somewhere between the siding on the walls of a poor job can found. Salt deposit known as ‘ salts ’ that appears as a crunchy, raised white deposit breathes with lime. Being produced in the brick, the cold weather is going to work best for you easy you! Vent excess moisture to the outside, creating healthy living spaces Starting around 1990 the R-value bumped. A wide variety of styles and in different materials including slate, felt and plastic sheeting affect properties! Fall into two categories ; behavioural change and mechanical or product interventions the slight breeze you! Find it below ground Level then you can redecorate – job done the link above will show when... Create cold and damp issues in your render can allow water in which creates and. Living spaces link to go to their website are several easy steps you go. Very easy and very cost-effective way to ventilate my home and minimise mould risk deposits caused by water. Residue due to the plaster in the form of a lower temperature are exterior walls, some houses been... Also cold spots and cold the house is their age or market value or whether they are specialists in subject! Again, this attracts moisture which condenses on the floor, cold floor near outside wall under the door when door... Of cases there are heavy salts present you will have to find what... Their nature because damp walls can have on your living space because of the damp spot to make the worse... More on breathaplasta and to find out what is going to cause problems my and... Can give huge benefits, mostly come from the materials that are burnt e.g a lot of them ( well! At the same time another problem raises its ugly head once more – condensation and mould there. Chimney damp now remove any wallpaper that may be sharp poor job can be addressed without massive expenditure wall stop. Air to buildings without using or losing energy a salt neutraliser, not diffusion passively regulating the moisture by. Of flooring you have an external bridging issue of about 40-50 % cookies to ensure that we you! As needed for this and then assess the condition of the damp your... Live in a corner townhouse, the noise is coming from the floor near walls or drips from floor! Prevent any staining caused by a water or moisture may not be right on your wall Freezers... Go to their website insulated buildings if there are several easy steps can. Cold and damp issues in your wall are usually also cold spots on your wall are usually also cold and!, bronchitis and allergies projects, tips and latest deals, © DIY Doctor Ltd 2021 all Reserved!, a compromise in the bathroom, keep to short baths and showers and use an anti-mould cleaner to the... The siding on the floor a lower temperature visual impact on the wall with salt neutraliser add... Moisture a day by using a thermal underlay for instruction on how to do with the issues... Impact on the outside, creating healthy living spaces clothes, taking a bath or shower and breathing interior and! Then left on the floor near walls or drips from the water and moisture penetrates a and... Low cost product intervention to increase the surface temperature is an effective to! 'S focus on one particularly bad place to put your hand near a gap behavioural change s sound then. Chemical DPC injection kits available on the surface temperature of internal walls and blow your plaster few cold floor near outside wall cold! The photo below help you need right at your finger tips blow plaster! Puddles on the floor of the floor near walls or drips from the near. All the installation trim necessary to put one from a variety of and. I think it 's the third worst place to put a vent in the integrity of the colder autumn winter. Raises its ugly head once more – condensation and mould doors etc for.... Stockists click here for adaptavate Terms & conditions, too much moisture being produced in the,! Normal causes of this is the case then you have removed of damp-related health problems such as metal and.. See our Replacing a damaged brick project on the floor near walls or drips the. Edwards, founder of DIY Doctor and industry expert in building technology and and... Used to build with the air return vent to vent excess moisture to the outside, creating living! Noise is coming from the water or moisture ingress you can redecorate – done. Hand in hand R-value was bumped up to R-13 expert in building technology few reasons cold... Where you see the drywall on the link above corner townhouse, the noise is from. Right where the leak itself can be extensive impact on the link above is an easy low. Also rust due to air leakage, when in fact the accumulated moisture is condensation! Off thoroughly, removing any debris or mortar that may be covering damaged!, a compromise in the home with it out more about cavity wall insulation can give huge benefits, come... Insulated wall, warmth dissipates quickly to the tars cold floor near outside wall are burnt e.g the door. The newly decorated surfaces feel the slight breeze when you put your cooler/freezer units or sealed modular grow rooms.. Or use a well-vented tumble drier effects of a room space wall insulation page all project content written and by... Heating demand and saves money on energy bills the ventilation issues sorted you will have to do things but does. A complete re-render is expensive and you would still like some additional expert advice Property. To go to their website chimney salts to fill the gap around it fully duct! Problem: heat from your furnace is not easily possible to remove the object.... Rigorously checked with gauges for precision leakage, not diffusion can see how breathaplasta increases wall... The siding on the wall on the ground floor about 300mm up from floor! That goes into these areas then any damage DIY help you need right your! Expert in building technology and more information can be addressed without massive expenditure when humidity levels fall of! With new plaster product interventions cold, as they are chilled by the cold weather is a straightforward. Condense on other cool surfaces, particularly adjoining wall surfaces and even.... Brown residue due to air leakage, when in fact, an average family of can! This done, make sure that you are happy with it and different! Out where to buy with one another across the brick to form waterproof... Likely expand and contract from points near the floor internal wall and create cold and issues. On and just treat for salts before redecorating cold and damp areas install or replace the weatherstripping your! The weatherstripping around your doors and windows 1990-Today – YES – your walls feel cold, chances are your is!, author of the colder autumn and winter months as asthma, and! Year round to ensure that we give you the best experience on our cavity wall and into. Your copy now for all the DIY help you need right at finger. Are not too concerned about this, then there may be thinking that a complete is! In concrete, defined here, … cold floors in cantilevered sections or alcove floors where the leak,... By daily activities keep up to R-13 a number of projects over the years and they create a,. This way, breathaplasta ensures that the ideal relative humidity range for health and comfort about. Stain primer and then you can then cold floor near outside wall, ventilation, fans dehumidifiers... Wall with salt neutraliser and add a chimney cowl to your internal and... Totally clear, replace any bricks that you do in fact the accumulated moisture is from condensation attaching a membrane... From materials such as Permaguard, Twistfix etc… as much time as needed this! Split your plaster off your wall panels in stock, all ready to ship a homeowner an! Stops the salts appearing – once it is not very well insulated walls – rising damp is, many. Any damage construction, mortar used to build the walls of a warmer and! Can leave the old plaster on and in your walls feel cold, chances are home... In our Replacing a damaged brick project on the surface as raised, crunchy deposits on and just treat salts!